A new scientific review argues that regular physical activity should be treated with the same importance as medicine. The review, published in Cell Metabolism, presents exercise as a powerful tool for preventing chronic disease.
Researchers examined the concept of “exercise as medicine” for non-contagious diseases, also known as chronic lifestyle diseases. They gathered evidence on how regular physical activity can prevent the onset and slow the progression of conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cognitive diseases, and certain cancers.
The study found that while global life expectancy has increased dramatically, from the mid-40s to the mid-70s and 80s over the last century, “healthspan” has not kept pace. Healthspan refers to the years a person remains healthy and free from chronic disease. People are living longer, but not necessarily living better. The latter part of life is often spent taking medications, staying at home, and relying on machines.
Exercise and 35 chronic diseases
According to research cited in the review, physical activity acts as primary prevention against 35 chronic diseases and conditions. The review provides evidence that exercise should be prescribed as seriously as medicine for these conditions.
Among the diseases listed are cardiovascular diseases, where regular activity protects the heart and vascular system. Type 2 diabetes is another condition where exercise helps regulate blood sugar and improve insulin sensitivity. The review also notes that movement supports brain health and may slow cognitive decline. Physical activity is linked to a reduced risk of several types of cancer.
The researchers also found that a lack of physical activity does not just increase disease risk on its own. It amplifies other risk factors like obesity and hypertension, and the effects compound.
Weight loss and exercise
Many people exercise with the intention of losing weight. The researchers acknowledge that if weight loss is the goal, the results may be disappointing. Exercise alone has a marginal effect on weight loss. One study cited found that diet decreased body weight by 8.5 percent, while exercise performed five days per week, totaling 225 minutes, only decreased body weight by 2.4 percent.
However, even if the scale does not show a difference, exercise still provides long-term benefits. The returns from physical activity appear in disease prevention and extended healthspan, not just in weight changes. The review calls for a critical mindset shift. Success from exercise is not about pounds lost, but about diseases prevented and years of health gained.
Movement routines
Despite the evidence that movement is beneficial, only about one-quarter of adults currently meet recommended physical activity guidelines. The review states that even though most people know exercise is good for them, there is a gap between awareness and action.
The researchers do not suggest that everyone needs to run a marathon or join a body-building competition. Consistent movement, in whatever form is sustainable, is one of the most effective things for long-term health. This can include walking, strength training, swimming, or dancing. The goal is to move regularly.
Exercise is not just about weight loss or appearance. It serves as a first-line defense against more than 30 diseases. While people are living longer than ever, the real goal is to live healthier for longer. Regular physical activity is one of the most evidence-backed ways to close that gap.
